Kent J. Bradford

Professor and Vice Chair for Teaching and Curriculum Development Director, Seed Biotechnology Center 1107 Plant Reproductive Biology 530-752-6087 Fax: 530-754-7222 email:

Education

BS Michigan State University Biochemistry 1975
MS Michigan State University Horticulture 1977
PhD University of California, Davis Plant Physiology 1981

Professional Experience

Postdoctoral Fellow, Australian National University 1981-82
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Vegetable Crops, UC Davis 1982-87
Associate Professor, Dept. of Vegetable Crops, UC Davis 1987-91
Sabbatical CSIRO, Canberra, Australia, and 1990-91 Univ. of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury
Visiting Scientist, Horticulture Research International 1991 Wellesbourne, U.K.
Professor, Dept. of Vegetable Crops, UC Davis 1991-present
Chair, Dept. of Vegetable Crops, UC Davis 1993-1998
Director, Seed Biotechnology Center, UC Davis 1999-present
Professor, Dept. of Plant Sciences, 2005-
Vice Chair for Teaching and Curriculum Development, Dept. of Plant Sciences, 2006-

Awards and Honors

Overseas Fellowship, Vegetable Research Trust, Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, England, 1991.
Visiting Lectureship, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands, September 1995
Fulbright Scholar, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina, March-June, 1999
Career Seed Science Award, Crop Science Society of America, 2002
Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2003
Adjunct Professor, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China, 2004-6
Invited Visiting Professor, University of Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, June 2005; June 2007

Editorial and Professional Service

Founding Trustee and Secretary of the International Society for Seed Science, 1999-2004
Chair, Biotechnology and Plant Breeding Committee, California Seed Association, 2001-2003
USDA-NRICGP Grant Review Panel, Plant Genome, 2000
Associate Editor, Seed Science Research, 2003-present
Editorial Board, Journal of Experimental Botany, 1994-present
Editorial Board, Seed Science Research, 1994-present
Monitoring Editor, Plant Physiology, 1995-2000
Associate Editor, Crop Science, 1992-1995

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Research

My research interests are in all aspects of seed biology, from the molecular biology and physiology of seed development, dormancy and germination to the storage, enhancement and utilization of seeds for agricultural purposes. My disciplinary expertise is primarily in plant water relations and the hormonal regulation of plant growth and development and more recently in plant biotechnology. I recently co-edited a book (with H. Nonogaki) on Seed Development, Dormancy and Germination that presents a current update on this field.

Genetics, molecular biology and biochemistry of seed germination and dormancy.
We are taking a genetic approach to investigating the basis of seed dormancy and other domestication-related traits in lettuce and sunflower. We are participating in a major genomics project in the Compositae that has generated a large number of ESTs in these species and other Compositae species (http://compgenomics.ucdavis.edu/). Using recombinant inbred lines (RILs), we are identifying quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with seed vigor and dormancy phenotypes in lettuce (Argyris et al., 2005). We have identified a major QTL (Htg6.1) that controls the upper temperature limit for germination of lettuce seeds. Lettuce seeds exhibit thermodormancy, or a failure to germinate when imbibed at temperatures above 25-30 °C, which limits stand establishment in warm season plantings. We are currently fine mapping this QTL and studying its effects on the biosynthesis and metabolism of gibberellins, abscisic acid and ethylene, which are involved in regulating seed germination in response to environmental factors. This work is supported by a NSF grant with five co-PIs (R. Michelmore, UC Davis; L. Rieseberg, U. British Columbia; S. Knapp, U. Georgia; R. Kesseli, U. Mass.; D. Still, Cal Poly Pomona).

Radicle emergence depends upon the balance of forces between the pressure exerted by the radicle and the resistance to penetration of the endosperm or other tissues enclosing the embryo. The endosperm cap enclosing the embryo must weaken in order for the radicle to penetrate it and complete germination. Research has therefore focused on cell wall hydrolases that might degrade the endosperm cell walls. Since the endosperm cell walls are composed largely of mannans, endo-β-mannanase is a likely candidate. We have shown that a mannanase gene (LeMAN2) is specifically expressed in the endosperm cap prior to radicle emergence, while a second mannanase gene (LeMAN1) is expressed in the remaining endosperm after radicle emergence (Nonogaki et al., 2000). Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (LeXET4), b-1,3-glucanase (GluB), chitinase (Chi9), and an expansin (LeEXP4) genes also show endosperm cap-specific expression (Chen and Bradford, 2000; Chen et al., 2002; Wu et al., 2001). Other genes are expressed in the embryo or in all seed tissues, including an exo-polygalacturonase (LeXPG1), a vacuolar ATPase subunit (LVA-P1), and additional expansins (LeEXP8, LeEXP10) (Cooley et al., 1999; Sitrit et al., 1999; Chen et al., 2001). In each case, we have investigated how these genes are regulated by water potential, GA, ABA and other factors that influence germination and dormancy. Particularly intriguing is our discovery that expression of a subunit of a protein kinase involved in sugar-sensing and metabolic regulation (LeSNF4) is regulated by ABA (Bradford et al., 2003). These studies were supported by NSF and USDA-NRICGP grants.

Modeling of germination in seed populations.
We have developed mathematical models that describe the germination and dormancy behavior of seeds on a population basis (e.g., Bradford, 1995, 2002). Application of this model has provided a comprehensive physiological explanation for the responses of seed germination to temperature, for example (Alvarado and Bradford, 2002; 2005). These models have also led to novel concepts of variable time scales in plant development (Bradford and Trewavas, 1994). For example, plant growth rates vary at different temperatures, which can be viewed as altering the time scale on which growth is occurring. Similarly, we have found that developmental rates (i.e., progress toward radicle emergence) at different water potentials, hormone concentrations (abscisic acid, gibberellin) or oxygen partial pressures can also be analyzed as if they occur on dosage-dependent variable time scales (Ni and Bradford, 1993; Dahal and Bradford, 1994; Bradford et al., 2007). Hormone-deficient mutants and single-seed assays have been valuable experimental tools in this work (Still and Bradford, 1997). These models have also been applied to study seed dormancy in ecological settings (Bradford, 2005; Allen et al., 2007). The combination of population-based statistics and reciprocity between dosage of a regulatory factor and time to response results in a powerful analytical framework having considerable explanatory power not only for seeds, but also for describing many phenomena at the cell and tissue levels. These studies have been supported by NSF grants.

Seed Quality, Enhancement and Longevity
We have worked for many years on the quality of seeds for planting and on ways to measure, preserve and enhance seed quality. Seed priming is a technique involving controlled hydration of seeds to initiate germinative metabolism, then drying seeds for distribution and planting. Seeds treated in this way exhibit more rapid germination and reduced dormancy under adverse conditions (Cheng and Bradford, 1999). However, they also often have reduced longevity in storage. Recently we have been studying possible causes for reduced longevity of primed seeds, including possible roles for oligosaccharides and heat-shock proteins (Gurusinghe and Bradford, 2001; Gurusinghe et al., 2002). These studies have also included investigations of the cell cycle during priming and germination (Gurusinghe et al., 1999) and of the enzymes involved in potentially protective oligosaccharide biosynthesis (Downie et al., 2003). Current studies are looking at how priming and drying conditions affect seed longevity (Schwember and Bradford, 2005). This work is supported by the Western Regional Seed Physiology Research Group, a collaborative group of seed and seed technology companies.

Seed Biotechnology Center

In 1999, I founded and have since been director of the Seed Biotechnology Center. This is a unit of the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences whose mission is to mobilize the research, educational, and outreach resources of the University of California in partnership with the seed biotechnology industry to develop and commercialize new germplasm and seed technologies for agricultural and consumer benefit. We take a broad view of the term "biotechnology" and do not limit it to genetic engineering. Many types of "biological technology" must be integrated in order to deliver a seed product having enhanced value to the market. Thus, in addition to genetics and breeding, improved seed production methods, enhanced seed quality, crop protection chemicals, planting technology and other requirements of seeds as multipurpose crop genetic delivery systems must also be considered. A major goal is to speed the utilization and commercialization in crop plants of information derived from basic research and model systems. The Seed Biotechnology Center’s research, service and outreach activities are described in more detail on our web site: http://sbc.ucdavis.edu.

Teaching

I teach Professionalism and Ethics in Genomics and Biotechnology (BIT 171), a required course for undergraduates in the Biotechnology major. Each fall I lead a graduate seminar on the scientific method and philosophy of science (Special Topics in Scientific Method, PBI 223). I co-authored a chapter in the textbook on Crops, Genes and Plant Biotechnology (Bradford and Bewey, 2003).

Publications (since 1997)

Journal articles (of 110 total)

Bradford, K.J., Côme, D., and Corbineau, F. (2007) Quantifying the oxygen sensitivity of seed germination using a population-based threshold model. Seed Sci. Res. 17: 33-43.

Alston, J.M., Bradford, K.J., and Kalaitzandonakes, N. (2006) The economics of horticultural biotechnology. J. Crop Improvement 18: 413-431.

Argyris, J., Truco, M.J., Ochoa, O., Knapp, S.J., Still, D.W., Lenssen, G.M., Schut, J.W., Michelmore, R.W., and Bradford, K.J. (2005) Quantitative trait loci associated with seed and seedling traits in Lactuca. Theor. Appl. Genet. 111: 1365-1376.

Gandhi, S., Heesacker, A., Freeman, C., Argyris, J., Bradford, K.J., Knapp, S.J. 2005. The self-incompatibility locus (S) and quantitative trait loci for self-pollination and seed dormancy in sunflower. Theor. Appl. Genet. 111: 619-629.

Van Deynze, A.E., Sundstrom, F.J., and Bradford, K.J. 2005. Pollen-mediated gene flow in California cotton depends upon pollinator activity. Crop Sci. 45:1565–1570.

Schwember, A.R., and Bradford, K.J. 2005. Drying rates following priming affect temperature sensitivity of germination and longevity of lettuce seeds. HortScience 40: 778-781.

Alvarado, V., and Bradford, K.J. 2005. Hydrothermal time analysis of seed dormancy in true (botanical) potato seeds. Seed Science Research 15: 77-88.

Bradford, K.J., Van Deynze, A., Gutterson, N., Parrott, W., Strauss, S.H. 2005. Regulating transgenic crops sensibly: lessons from plant breeding, biotechnology and genomics. Nature Biotechnol. 23: 439-444.

Sánchez, M.P., Gurusinghe, S.H., Bradford, K.J., and Vázquez-Ramos, J.M. 2005. Differential response of PCNA and CDK-A proteins and associated kinase activities to benzyladenine and abscisic acid during maize seed germination. J. Exp. Bot. 56: 515-523.

Bradford, K.J. 2005. Threshold models applied to seed germination ecology. New Phytol. 165: 338-341.

Bradford, K.J., and Alston, J.M. 2004. Horticultural biotechnology: challenges for commercial development. Chronica Horticulturae 44: 4-8.

Kende, H., Bradford, K.J., Brummell, D.A., Cho, H.T., Cosgrove, D.J., Fleming, A.J., Gehring, C., Lee, Y., McQueen-Mason, S., Rose, J.K.C., Voesenek, L.A.C.J. 2004. Nomenclature for members of the expansin superfamily of genes and proteins. Plant Mol. Biol. 55: 311-314.

Bradford, K.J., Alston, J.M, Lemaux, P.G. and Sumner, D.A. 2004. Challenges and opportunities for horticultural biotechnology. California Agriculture 58: 68-71. (Co-editor of entire issue)

Bradford, K.J., and Still, D.W. 2004. Applications of hydrotime analysis in seed testing. Seed Technology 26: 75-85.

Wu, C.T., and Bradford, K.J. 2003. Class I chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase are differentially regulated by wounding, methyl jasmonate, ethylene and gibberellin in tomato seeds and leaves. Plant Physiol. 133: 263-273.

Graff, G.D., Cullen, S.E., Bradford, K.J., Zilberman, D., Bennett, A.B. 2003. The public-private structure of intellectual property ownership in agricultural biotechnology. Nature Biotech. 21: 989-995.

Bradford, K.J., Downie, A.B., Gee, O.H., Alvarado, V.Y., Yang, H., Dahal, P. 2003. Abscisic acid and gibberellin differentially regulate expression of genes of the SNF1-related kinase (SnRK1) complex in tomato seeds. Plant Physiol. 132: 1560-1576.

Whitmer, X., Nonogaki, H., Beers, E.P., Bradford, K.J., Welbaum, G.E. 2003. Characterization of chitinase activity and gene expression in muskmelon seeds. Seed Sci. Res. 13: 167-178.

Downie, B., Gurusinghe, S., Dahal, P., Thacker, R.R., Snyder, J.C., Nonogaki, H., Yim, K., Fukanaga, K., Alvarado, V., Bradford, K.J. 2003. Expression of a galactinol synthase gene in tomato is up-regulated before maturation desiccation and again after imbibition whenever radicle protrusion is prevented. Plant Physiol. 131: 1347-1359.

Alvarado, V., and Bradford, K.J. 2002. A hydrothermal time model explains the cardinal temperatures for seed germination. Plant Cell and Environ. 25: 1061-1069.

Gurusinghe, S., Powell, A.L.T., and Bradford, K.J. 2002. Enhanced expression of BiP is associated with treatments that extend storage longevity of primed tomato seeds. J. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 127: 528-534.

Bradford, K.J. 2002. Applications of hydrothermal time to quantifying and modeling seed germination and dormancy. Weed Science 50: 248-260.

Chen, F., Nonogaki, H., and Bradford, K.J. 2002. A gibberellin-regulated xyloglucan endotransglycosylase gene is expressed in the endosperm cap during tomato seed germination. J. Exp. Bot. 53: 215-223.

Kwong, F., Stodolski, L., Mari, J., Gurusinghe, S.H. and Bradford, K.J. 2001. Viability constants for delphinium and salvia seeds. Seed Technology 23: 113-125.

Chen, F., Dahal, P., and Bradford, K.J. 2001. Two tomato expansin genes show divergent expression and localization in embryos during seed development and germination. Plant Physiol. 127 : 928-936.

Edelstein, M., Bradford, K.J. and Burger, D.W. 2001. Metabolic heat and CO2 production rates during germination of melon (Cucumis melo L.) seeds measured by microcalorimetry. Seed Sci. Res. 11: 265-272.

Wu, C.T., Leubner-Metzger, G., Meins, F. Jr. and Bradford K.J. 2001. Class I b-1,3-glucanase and chitinase are expressed specifically in the micropylar endosperm of tomato seeds prior to radicle emergence. Plant Physiol. 126: 1299-1313.

Gurusinghe, S., and Bradford, K.J. 2001. Galactosyl-sucrose oligosaccharides and potential longevity of primed seeds. Seed Sci. Res. 11: 121-133.

Chen, F., and Bradford, K.J. 2000. Expression of an expansin is associated with endosperm weakening during tomato seed germination. Plant Physiol. 124: 1265-1274.

Nonogaki, H., Gee, O.H., and Bradford, K.J. 2000. A germination-specific endo-b-mannanase gene is expressed in the micropylar endosperm cap of tomato seeds. Plant Physiol. 123: 1235-1245.

Cooley, M.B., Yang, H., Dahal, P. Mella, R.A., Downie, B., Haigh, A.M., and Bradford, K.J. 1999. Vacuolar H+-ATPase is expressed in response to gibberellin during tomato seed germination. Plant Physiol. 121: 1339-1347.

Sitrit, Y., Hadfield, K.A., Bennett, A.B., Bradford, K.J., and Downie, B. 1999. Expression of a polygalacturonase associated with tomato seed germination. Plant Physiol 121: 419-428.

Downie, B., Gurusinghe, S.H., and Bradford, K.J. 1999. Internal anatomy of individual tomato seeds: relationship to abscisic acid and germination physiology. Seed Sci. Res. 9: 117-128.

Cheng, Z., and Bradford, K.J. 1999. Hydrothermal time analysis of tomato seed germination responses to priming treatments. J. Exp. Bot. 50: 89-99.

Gurusinghe, S.H., Cheng, Z., and Bradford, K.J. 1999. Cell cycle activity during seed priming is not essential for germination advancement in tomato. J. Exp. Bot. 50: 101-106.

Downie, B., Dirk, L.M.A., Hadfield, K.A., Wilkins, T.A., Bennett, A.B., and Bradford, K.J. 1998. A gel diffusion assay for quantification of pectin methylesterase activity. Anal. Biochem. 264: 149-157.

Yim, K.-Y., and Bradford, K.J. 1998. Callose deposition is responsible for apoplastic semipermeability of the endosperm envelope of muskmelon seeds. Plant Physiol. 118: 83-90.

Still, D.W., and Bradford, K.J. 1998. Using hydrotime and ABA-time models to quantify seed quality of brassicas during development. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 123: 692-699.

Bradford, K.J., and Cohn. MA. 1998. Seed biology and technology: At the crossroads and beyond. Seed Sci. Res. 8: 153-160.

Taylor, A.G., Allen, P.S., Bennett, M.A., Bradford, K.J., Burris, J.S., and Misra, M.K. 1998. Seed enhancements. Seed Sci. Res. 8: 245-256.

Welbaum, G.E., Bradford, K.J., Yim, K.-O., Booth, D.T., and Oluoch M.O. 1998. Biophysical, physiological and biochemical processes regulating seed germination. Seed Sci. Res. 8: 161-172.

Downie, B., Gurusinghe, S., Plopper, C., Bradford, K.J., Greenwood, J.S., and Bewley, J.D. 1997. Elongated cells adhering to the megagametophyte and sheathing the radicle of white spruce following completion of germination are derived from the embryo root cap. Int. J. Plant Sci.: 158: 738-746.

Dahal, P., Nevins, D.J., and Bradford, K.J. 1997. Relationship of endo-b-d-mannanase activity and cell wall hydrolysis in tomato endosperm to germination rates. Plant Physiol 113: 1243-1252.

Still, D.W., Dahal, P., and Bradford, K.J. (1997) A single-seed assay for endo-b-mannanase activity from tomato endosperm and radicle tissues. Plant Physiol. 113: 13-20.

Still, D.W., and Bradford, K.J. (1997) Endo-b-mannanase activity from individual tomato endosperm caps and radicle tips in relation to germination rates. Plant Physiol. 113: 21-29.

Dutta, S., Bradford, K.J., and Nevins, D.J. 1997. Endo-b-mannanase activity present in cell wall extracts of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) endosperm prior to radicle emergence. Plant Physiol. 113: 155-161.

Books Edited (3)

Bradford, K.J. and Nonogaki, H., eds. 2007. Seed Development, Dormancy and Germination. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, U.K.

Nicolás, G., Bradford, K.J., Côme, D., and Pritchard, H.W., eds. 2003. The Biology of Seeds: Recent Research Advances, CAB International, Wallingford, U.K.

Black, M., Bradford, K.J., and Vazquez-Ramos, J., eds. 2000. Seed Biology: Advances and Applications, CAB International, Wallingford, U.K.

Book Chapters (22 total):

Allen, P.S., Benech-Arnold, R.L., Batlla, D. and Bradford, K.J. 2007. Modeling of seed dormancy. In Bradford, K.J., and Nonogaki, H., eds, Seed Development, Dormancy and Germination, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, U.K., pp. 72-112.

Nonogaki, H., Chen, F. and Bradford, K.J. 2007. Mechanisms and genes involved in germination sensu stricto. In Bradford, K.J., and Nonogaki, H., eds, Seed Development, Dormancy and Germination, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, U.K., pp. 264-304.

Bradford, K.J. 2006. Germination: internal factors affecting (physical, physiological, molecular and biochemical). In Bewley, J.D., Black, M., and Halmer, P., eds., The Encyclopedia of Seeds: Science, Technology and Uses. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK.

Kalaitzandonakes, N., Alston, J.M., and Bradford, K.J. 2006. Compliance costs for regulatory approval of new biotech crops. In Just, R., Alston, J.M., and Zilberman, D., eds., Regulating Agricultural Biotechnology: Economics and Policy, Springer Publishers, New York.

Bradford, K.J., Alston, J.M., and Kalaitzandonakes, N. 2006. Regulation of biotechnology for specialty crops. In Just, R., Alston, J.M., and Zilberman, D., eds., Regulating Agricultural Biotechnology: Economics and Policy, Springer Publishers, New York.

Bradford, K.J. 2006. Seed biotechnology: Translating promise into practice. In S. Navie, S. Adkins, and S. Ashmore, eds., Seeds: Biology, Development and Ecology, CAB International, Wallingford, U.K., pp. 130-138.

De Castro, R.D., Bradford, K.J., and Hilhorst, H.W.M. 2004. Desenvolvimento e conteúdo de água [Development and water content]. In A.G. Ferreira and F. Borghetti, eds., Germinação, Artmed Editoria S.A., Porto Alegre-RS, Brasil, pp. 51-67.

De Castro, R.D., Bradford, K.J., and Hilhorst, H.W.M. 2004. Embebição e reativação do metabolismo [Imbibition and reactivation of metabolism]. In A.G. Ferreira and F. Borghetti, eds., Germinação, Artmed Editoria S.A., Porto Alegre-RS, Brasil, pp. 149-162.

Nonogaki, H., and Bradford, K.J. 2003. Tissue printing for localization of mRNA expression in seeds. In Nicolás, G., Bradford, K.J., Côme, D., and Pritchard, H.W., eds., The Biology of Seeds: Recent Research Advances, CAB International, Wallingford, U.K. In press.

Bradford, K.J. and Bewley, J.D. 2002. Seeds: Biology, Technology and Role in Agriculture. Chapter 9 in M.J. Chrispeels and D.E. Sadava, eds., Plants, Genes and Crop Biotechnology, 2nd Edition, Jones and Bartlett, Boston. Pp. 210-239.

Alvarado, V., Nonogaki, H., and Bradford, K.J. 2000. Expression of endo-b-mannanase and SNF-related protein kinase genes in true potato seeds in relation to dormancy, gibberellin and abscisic acid. In J.D. Viemont and J. Crabbé, eds, Dormancy in Plants, CAB International, Wallingford, U.K., pp. 347-364.

Bradford, K.J., Chen, F., Cooley, M.B., Dahal, P., Downie, B., Fukunaga, K.K., Gee, O.H., Gurusinghe, S., Mella, R.A., Nonogaki, H., Wu, C.-T., and Yim, K.-O. 2000. Gene expression prior to radicle emergence in imbibed tomato seeds. In: M. Black, K.J. Bradford, and J. Vazquez-Ramos, eds., Seed Biology: Advances and Applications, CABI, Wallingford, U.K., pp. 231-251.

Bradford, K.J. 1997. The hydrotime concept in seed germination and dormancy. In R.H. Ellis, M. Black, A.J. Murdoch, and T.D. Hong, eds., Basic and Applied Aspects of Seed Biology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, pp. 349-360.

Web sites

Kozik, A., R.W. Michelmore, Knapp, M.S. Matvienko, L. Rieseberg, H. Lin, M. van Damme, D. Lavelle, P. Chevalier, J. Ziegle, P. Ellison, J. Kolkman, M.S. Slaubaugh, K. Livingston, L. Z. Zhou, S. Church, S. Edberg, L. Jackson and K. Bradford et al.  2002.  Lettuce and sunflower ESTs from the Compositae Genome Project.  http://compgenomics.ucdavis.edu/

Seed Biotechnology Center (http://sbc.ucdavis.edu)

Extension bulletins and publications (9 total):

Van Deynze, A., and Bradford, K.J. 2006. Academic training of plant breeders no longer meets demand. Seed World 144: 20-21.

Bradford, K.J. 2006. Methods to maintain genetic purity of seed stocks. University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Publication 8189. http://anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu.

Bradford, K.J. 2005. Biotech seed traceability & labeling: hindrance or asset to marketing and trade? Seed World 143(6): 16-22.

Van Deynze, A., Bradford, K.J., and Van Eenennaam, A. 2004. Crop biotechnology: Feeds for livestock. Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Agricultural Biotechnology in California Series, Publication 8145.

Thomas, B.R., Van Deynze, A., and Bradford, K.J. 2002. Production of therapeutic proteins in plants. University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Agricultural Biotechnology in California Series, Publication 8078.

Sundstrom, F.J., Williams, J., Van Deynze, A., and Bradford, K.J. 2002. Identity preservation of agricultural commodities. University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Agricultural Biotechnology in California Series, Publication 8077.

Suslow, T.V., B.R. Thomas and K.J. Bradford. 2002. Biotechnology provides new tools for plant breeding.  University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Agricultural Biotechnology in California Series, Publication 8043.

Voss, R.E., Murray, M., Bradford, K.J., Mayberry, K.S., and Miller, I. 1999. Onion seed production in California. University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Publication 8008.

Murray, M., Hartz, T.K., and Bradford, K.J. 1997. Cucurbit seed production in California. University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Publication 7229.

(3/30/07)

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